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The term "proxy" is a reference to the fact that a proxy or proxy server is an application that acts in the middle between server and client via the internet. Without the proxy, the client could make a request for a source directly to the server, and it would then serve the resource directly towards the customer. It is easy to understand and implement. the addition of proxies offers advantages that include improved efficiency, privacy, security, and much more. As a layer of pass-through, proxy services are a way to secure the internet between servers and clients.




It is generally accepted that the collection of server hardware and proxy software installed is often described as proxy servers. But, this article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically described in terms of software and the ones used in conjunction with web servers. The article will provide an explanation of the two main types that are available, which include the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own specific usage that could be confusing due to the use of overlapping terms.




This article will provide you with an idea of the what proxies as well as their subtypes, as well as their importance in typical configurations. If you read this article, you'll be able recognize situations where an effective proxy can be useful, and choose the most appropriate option between forward and reverse proxy, in any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words, a forward proxy sometimes called open proxy open proxy is an agent of the user trying to transmit an online request to an server. In this scenario, every request made by the client will rather be directed by this forward proxy. In this case, the forward proxy acting in the client's stead will examine the request. At the beginning it will decide if the client is authorized to send requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or redirect them to their origin server. The client doesn't have a an internet connection directly and has access only to what forward proxy allows it to connect to.




The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to provide more privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet on behalf of the individual client. And during this manner it can utilize an IP address that is distinct from the original IP address used by the client.




Based on the way it's configured, a forward proxy can provide a variety of capabilities, including the ability to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide central security as well as permission-based access, for example, in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer, admins are able to allow only a handful of clients online access, that is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in this layer that can be utilized by multiple computers with various configurations and users A firewall could be added to the forward proxy layer.




Keep in mind the fact that forward proxy servers must be manually setup before they can be used and reverse proxies can be disregarded by clients. Based on the fact that your IP address has been transferred to the server that is being used through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity could be granted or hidden from view.




There are a myriad of choices to consider for forward proxies.




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source webserver that comes with forward proxy capability.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy utilizing the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the full web server system. We recommend you read our guide on the most efficient method of installing Squid proxy for private connections for Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy that runs using the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP this makes it better suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer communication. You could also look into how to configure Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts to act as an agent of a server that handles requests made by clients on its behalf. This web server can serve as a one server or as a series of servers. It can also comprise an application server, such as Gunicorn. In either case, the request may come from a user on the internet in general. In most cases, the request will be sent directly to the server on the internet that holds the data the client is asking for. Contrarily, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, isolating the web server from direct interaction with the open internet.




From the perspective of the client, interfacing via reverse proxy doesn't differ from interacting via direct connection to an internet server. It's exactly the same, but the client can't discern the difference. The client asks for a resource and then receives it without further configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Security centralized to web server.


The direction of traffic coming in is according to rules that you set up.


Additional features to cache data.




Although central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxies, reverse proxies provide this feature to that layer that is on the webserver rather than the client layer. instead of sustaining firewalls on the server level, that could include several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security is focused at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and communicating with requests by clients away from web servers enables the firewall to concentrate on providing resources.




If there are multiple servers running behind a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy can be also in charge of directing which requests go towards which servers. There could be multiple web servers running from the same host, serving various kinds of resources or a mixture of the two. These servers use their HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server. However, they could also be equipped with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy that directs the clients to specific servers based on the resource being requested or to comply with specific rules for the traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to take advantage of their location prior to web servers using caching functions. The large static files can be configured using caching rules to avoid hitting web servers every request. Certain options that let you serve static content without needing to connect to the website server at all. Additionally, the reverse proxy is capable of handling compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a reliable reverse proxy solution. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy service however, this Apache web server also includes reverse proxy functions, which is an additional option for Apache however Nginx was designed initially for and concentrates specifically on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy can manage requests as well as responses. The best method to distinguish between the reverse as well as forward proxy is to take into account the requirements of the application that you're developing.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial when you're developing a solution to serve websites on the internet. They act as your web server in all interactions on the Internet.




A forward proxy is helpful when it is used before customers for your personal use or in a corporate setting. They represent your clients for any interaction on the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing solely on common naming conventions will help you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what is a "proxy" is with the two major types of proxies being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for its use as well as an examination of the beneficial characteristics were used to define between two kinds of proxies that are reverse and forward. If you're interested exploring how to set up proxies, check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as reverse and web server proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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